Biology

Chapter I

Growth & Development

Growth : Increased of size, volume and the number of cells. Growth is irreversible.

Irreversible : It can’t be back to the original size.

Development : Changing process of cells in order to form certain structures and function.

The Factors Which Affect Growth & Development of Plant :

-          Genes

-          Hormones

-          Waters

-          Minerals

-          Temperature

-          Humidity

-          Light Intensity

The Factors Which Affect Growth & Development of Animal :

-          Genes

-          Hormones

-          Food

-          Water

-          Activity

-          Sunlight

Perfect Metamorphosis :

-          Butterfly :

Egg – Larvae – Catterpilar – Cocon – Butterfly

-          Frog

Egg – Larvae – Tadpole – Young Frog – Adult Frog

-          Dragonfly

Egg – Larvae – Cocon – Nympha – Adult Dragonfly

Chapter II

Human Movement System

I.                    Skull

A.     Cranial Bones

1.       Occipital Bone ( Tulang tengkorak belakang ) (1 bone)

2.       Parietal Bone ( Tulang Ubun-ubun) (2 bone)

3.       Frontal Bone ( Tulang Dahi) (1 bone)

4.       Spenoid Bone ( Tulang Baji ) (2 bone)

5.       Temporal Bone ( Tulang Pelipis ) (2 bone)

6.       Edmoid Bone ( Tulang Tapis ) (2 bone)

B.      Facial Bones

1.       Maxilla Bone ( Tulang Rahang Atas ) (2 bone)

2.       Mandible Bone ( Tulang Rahang Bawah ) (2 bone)

3.       Nasal Bone ( Tulang Hidung ) ( 2 bone)

4.       Zygonatic Bone  ( Tulang Pipi ) (2 bone)

5.       Palatin Bone ( Langit-langit Mulut ) (2 bone)

6.       Lacrimal Bone ( Tulang Air Mata ) (2 bone)

7.       Conca Imperior/Vomer Bone ( Tempat Lidah Menempel ) (1 bone)

II.                  Body Skeleton

A.     Back Bones ( Tulang Belakang )

1.       Cervical Vertebrate ( Tulang Leher ) (7 bone)

2.       Thoracic Vertebrate ( Tulang Punggung) (12 bone)

3.       Lumbar Vertebrate ( Tulang Pinggang ) (5 bone)

4.       Sacral Vertebrate ( Tulang Kelangkang ) (5 bone)

5.       Coccyx Vertebrate ( Tulang Ekor) (4 bone)

B.      Sternum Bones ( Tulang Dada)

There are 3 parts :

1.       Manubrum ( Atas )

2.       Gladius ( Badan )

3.       Xypoid ( Ujung )

C.      Ribs Bones ( Tulang Rusuk )

1.       True Ribs ( Tulang Rusuk Sejati ) (7 pairs)

2.       False Ribs ( Tulang Rusuk Palsu ) (3 pairs)

3.       Floating Ribs (2 pairs)